By slicing the material, 1 obtains both equally the next-grade monocrystalline substance along with a reduce-quality polycrystalline output. The latter will also be recycled to produce only monocrystalline materials. Any surface passivation layer have to be removed right before applying the electrodes – one example is by laser ablation (see https://seo61481.gynoblog.com/34824232/how-cell-solar-perovskite-can-save-you-time-stress-and-money